[CODATA-international] ‘UNESCO Open Science Recommendation’
Maheswar Mikki
stmmrv at verizon.net
Sat Dec 26 08:48:38 EST 2020
12/26/2020
Please see a $B!F(Bcopy of my Message of 12/26/2020$B!G(B sent this morning to
IUPAC, which directly relates to the $B!F(BIssue I raised in my Message to you
on 12/25/2020$B!G(B (below):
Thanks,
Maheswar
Contact Information Form
Thank you for contacting IUPAC. 2,618 12/26/2020 8:24 AM
Hi: I have a simple Q (I am a retired Engineer, not a Chemist).
Q: When we say the 'mass of carbon atom, 12C, is 12 Da.', is this an
experimental-value?
What I meant to ask is this: Did a Chemist, actually, determine that the
mass of 12C in an experiment in the Lab.?
[Why am I asking this Q? Simply because 'I question if 12C contains only
Z=6, N=6 or what if Z=6, N>6 or 12 ' ?
That meant if 12C has Z=6, it may have N=12: if so, 12C mass could be 18
Da.--we can ONLY determine that in an experiment in a Lab., not
otherwise--do you agree?]
I saw this article (see below)--that doesn't tell me much (other than giving
Eqs.)--no experimental data for mass of 12C:
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Volume 88: Issue 3
Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)
Juris Meija et. al.
Published online: 24 Feb 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0305
1.1 Atomic weight of an element
The atomic mass, ma, of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12, ma(12C), in
its nuclear and electronic ground states is 12 Da exactly, where Da is the
symbol for unified atomic mass unit, and alternative symbol is u. The atomic
weight (also called the relative atomic mass) of isotope iE of element E,
symbol Ar(iE), in material P is
Ar(iE)P=ma(iE)Pma(12C)/12=ma(iE)PDa(1)(1)
Thus, the atomic mass of 12C is 12 Da, and the atomic weight of 12C is 12
exactly. All other atomic weight values are ratios to the 12C standard value
and thus are dimensionless numbers. The atomic weight of element E, Ar(E),
in a material P is determined from the relation
Ar(E)P=$B-t(B[x(iE)P$B!_(BAr(iE)](2)(2)
where x(iE)P is the amount fraction of isotope iE in material P (also called
the isotopic abundance).
The summation is over all stable isotopes of the element plus selected
radioactive isotopes (having relatively long half-lives and characteristic
terrestrial isotopic compositions) of the element. The atomic weight, Ar(E),
of element E in a material can be determined from knowledge of the atomic
masses of the isotopes of that element and the corresponding amount
fractions of the isotopes of that element in the material. In contrast to
the atomic weight of an element in any given material, the standard atomic
weight is a quantity that represents the atomic weights of an element in
normal terrestrial materials and, therefore, must be given with larger
uncertainty for some elements than the measured atomic weight in any given
material. Isotopes contributing to the determination of the atomic weight of
an element include (1) all stable isotopes (not known to be radioactive), of
which there are 252, and (2) selected radioactive isotopes that have
relatively long half-lives and characteristic terrestrial isotopic
compositions, of which there are 37. A radioactive isotope of an element is
said to have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition [13] if it
contributes significantly and reproducibly to the determination of the
standard atomic weight of the element in normal materials.
-----------------
From: Maheswar Mikki [mailto:stmmrv at verizon.net]
Sent: Friday, December 25, 2020 7:06 PM
To: asha at codata.org; codata-international at lists.codata.org
Subject: $B!F(BUNESCO Open Science Recommendation$B!G(B
12/25/2020
Hi, Dear Ms. Asha:
While searching CODATA to verify this particular value for Carbon atom $B!H(B12C
binding energy= 92161.753$B!^(B 0.014 keV$B!I(B is correct, and/or validated by in
an $B!F(Bexperiment$B!G(B, I read your $B!F(B28 Oct 2020$B!G(B posting (see below)--Open
Science, and it interests me$B!D(B So, I am writing to you..
I wonder, if CODATA can provide me a reference to $B!F(Bverify$B!G(B this Data, that
the Carbon atom $B!H(B12C binding energy= 92161.753$B!^(B 0.014 keV$B!I(B ?
If so, is this biding energy represents $B!F(Ba total energy that requires to
$B!F(Bpull-isolate$B!G(B all 6-neutrons & 6-protons (assuming $B!F(Bnucleus contains
only these 12)?
Does CODATA show a precise $B!F(Bweight or mass$B!G(B for the $B!F(BCarbon atom$B!G(B?
I am not a $B!F(Bchemist$B!G(B-I am a retired-Engineer$B!D(B and trying to find an
$B!F(Binteresting$B!G(B result (which, of course, prefer Open Science)
I hope to hear from you and/or from an expert at CODATA..
Thanks,
Maheswar
Newark, DE, US
-------------
We welcome any and all contributions to these forums!
The UNESCO Consultation and Recommendation on Open Science
The practices of Open Science and calls for transformations of the way
science is practiced, communicated and assessed have accelerated in the past
two decades. Leading transnational organizations including the
<https://council.science/actionplan/open-science/> International Council for
Science,
<http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/why-open-science-is-critic
al-to-combatting-covid-19-cd6ab2f9/> OECD and
<https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm> European Commission,
have recognized Open Science as the key mode for research in the 21st
century. Recognizing the significance of the movement, but also aware that
in a $B!F(Bfragmented scientific and policy environment, a global understanding
of the meaning, opportunities and challenges of Open Science is still
missing$B!G(B, <https://en.unesco.org/science-sustainable-future/open-science>
UNESCO launched a global consultation in March 2020. This has as its
objective $B!F(Bto build a coherent vision of Open Science and a shared set of
overarching principles and shared values$B!G(B through the development of $B!F(Ban
international standard-setting instrument on Open Science in the form of a
UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science$B!G(B to be agreed at the UNESCO General
Assembly in November 2021.
This is a precious opportunity for the worldwide research community to
express priorities, report relevant experiences, and share visions for the
future, thus helping to shape a new global order for research and its
governance. A UNESCO Recommendation is a timely, important and urgent way to
promote Open Science and provide concrete suggestions to national
governments and research organizations, including scholarly societies,
universities, and research groups.
Consultation on the Draft UNESCO Recommendation
The first draft of the UNESCO Recommendation was produced, on the basis of
the consultation and supported by the UNESCO Open Science team, by an
<https://en.unesco.org/science-sustainable-future/open-science/advisory-comm
ittee> international Open Science Advisory Committee, and was
<https://en.unesco.org/news/milestone-unescos-development-global-recommendat
ion-open-science?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A
+OATP-Primary+%28OATP+primary%29> published for consultation in early
October 2020. Feedback on the draft Recommendation is invited from UNESCO
Member States and from the global research community until the end of
January 2021. After that point, the Advisory Committee will resume its work
to produce a second draft. The revised draft, approved by the UNESCO
Director General will be sent to Member States in April 2021. This will be
followed by a process of negotiation culminating, it is hoped, in the
adoption of the text at the General Conference in November 2021.
The draft Recommendation offers a definition of Open Science and it presents
a set of core values and principles. Importantly, it lays out seven key
areas of action, directed at Member States and other named stakeholders:
1. Promoting a common understanding of Open Science and diverse
paths to Open Science
2. Developing an enabling policy environment for Open Science
3. Investing in Open Science infrastructures
4. Investing in capacity building for Open Science
5. Transforming scientific culture and aligning incentives for
Open Science
6. Promoting innovative approaches for Open Science at
different stages of the scientific process
7. Promoting international cooperation on Open Science
Like any such document, the draft Recommendation tries to synthesize and
reconcile a range of views and positions (not necessarily opposed or
divergent, but with different emphases, concerns and priorities).
Therefore, discussion and critique of the $B!F(BOpen Science for a Global
Transformation$B!G(B document and the draft Recommendation are to be expected
and encouraged. It is precisely through such scrutiny that we can ensure
that this global statement on Open Science is as robust as possible.
We invite the global research data community, such as the readership of the
<https://datascience.codata.org/> Data Science Journal and those engaged
with the <https://codata.org/data-together-covid-19-appeal-and-actions/>
Data Together organizations and other data and information organizations, to
seize this opportunity and to use these venues described above to share
scholarly discussion, opinion pieces, critiques and proposals in relation to
the UNESCO process and Recommendation. This will both provide a resource
which can be fed into the direct process of consultation and feedback, and
offer a longer-lasting collection of public and reasoned views and debate on
the age-defining issue of Open Science.
We are particularly interested in articles documenting regional dimensions,
exploring neglected issues, critiques and arguments to improve the
Recommendation, and discussions of issues to address in order to ensure
positive and equitable outcomes from Open Science implementation. There will
also be opportunities for further discussion at the
<https://codata.org/events/conferences/international-fair-convergence-sympos
ium-convened-by-codata-and-go-fair-22-23-october-2020-paris-france/>
International (Virtual) FAIR Convergence Symposium in December 2020 and
other events such as the Virtual RDA Plenary meeting in November 2020.
Posted on 28 Oct 2020
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