<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<p>Dear Fraser,</p>
<p>what I actually meant to suggest is, to have the "full story",
with pertinent details, such as, here:</p>
<p>- how did these companies come to know of this Indigenous
knowledge?<br>
- what was that knowledge about, in detail?<br>
- what or which derivative of that knowledge did the company claim
to own?<br>
- what was the legal device they used? (patent?)<br>
- did the indigenous people suffer any negative consequences
beyond not getting a fair financial share.<br>
</p>
<p>About the last three questions: As to my knowledge, you cannot
patent or "copyright" generic "knowledge".<br>
AFAIK, if someone just copyrights a description of knowledge
(before patenting any application), everybody can make use of it.</p>
<p>best,</p>
<p>Hans<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 28.05.20 um 19:54 schrieb Fraser
Taylor:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:YT1PR01MB2988706F87155257E87A4B65918E0@YT1PR01MB2988.CANPRD01.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<div>
<div>
<div style="direction: ltr;">There are examples of Private
companies using Indigenous knowledge of the medical
properties of plants for their own commercial advantage and
copywriting or patenting that knowledge without the
knowledge or consent of the communities involved . </div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div class="ms-outlook-ios-signature">Get <a
href="https://aka.ms/o0ukef" moz-do-not-send="true">Outlook
for iOS</a></div>
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt"
face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b>
CODATA-international
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org"><codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org></a> on
behalf of Hans Pfeiffenberger
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:hp@hans-pfeiffenberger.de"><hp@hans-pfeiffenberger.de></a><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 28, 2020 1:28:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:codata-international@lists.codata.org">codata-international@lists.codata.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:codata-international@lists.codata.org"><codata-international@lists.codata.org></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [CODATA-international] Brown (2020) Big
Secret in the Academy (article) on Open Access and lack
thereof</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<style>
<!--
#x_tableStyle
{background-color:#ffffe6;
width:100%;
padding:2pt;
font-size:10pt;
line-height:11pt;
font-family:'calibri';
color:black;
text-align:left}
#x_strong
{font-size:11pt;
line-height:12pt;
font-family:'Calibri';
color:Red;
text-align:left}
#x_div2
{font-size:0pt;
color:White;
display:none;
visibility:hidden}
-->
</style>
<table id="x_tableStyle">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>[External Email]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>Am 28.05.20 um 16:28 schrieb Fraser Taylor:<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<div>
<div style="direction:ltr">The protection of Indigenous
knowledge is very important and this is covered in
Article Six. The reality however is that the issues
covered by the article are so broad that anyone
wishing to keep their data private can do so. This was
an uneasy compromise but the general thrust to keep
data open is clear.</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>The phrase "there are legitimate reasons to restrict access
to and reuse of data, including interests of national
security, law enforcement, privacy, confidentiality,
intellectual property" has been part of every declaration on
open data of the last decade I am aware of, which has been
(formally) endorsed by major institutions. At least in the
case of those I was involved in, I happen to know that
without it there would have been no endorsement.</p>
<p>The only part of that phrase I am truly comfortable with is
the word "legitimate": Exactly because the clause is so
broad and vague, and, in the better declarations, it is
bracketed by the principle "as open as possible, as closed
as necessary" and the requirement of "express justification"
(in each case), each case of not disclosing data can be
subjected to scrutiny and the onus is on the person,
institution or country holding it back.</p>
<p>Falk made us aware of an interesting article. While it it
does not fully justify the claim in the title that "Most
Research Is Secret" (that may just be true in the US) - it
unrolls the unfortunate consequences of research compromised
by secrecy. This article and its topic of health physics
provide a very clear rationale why, in this case, there was
no legitimacy to keeping research results secret.</p>
<p>It would perhaps be good to assemble a collection of case
studies - such as this one, but also ones that underpin
valid, legitimate reasons *for* restrictions - to help
guide the ethically and scientifically sound evaluation of
the justifications of restrictions. (Of course, such studies
would need to be subject to, preferably open, peer review
and/or other quality control, to avoid being misled by
narrative based on false claims.)<br>
</p>
<p>For example, which detrimental things happen when
Indigenous knowledge is made openly available?
<br>
I somehow remember a case in the UK, where the tobacco
industry tried to use a "freedom of information" act to get
at data from a study on how juveniles acquired the addiction
to smoking - and anyone can guess how they would have used
it. Scientific rules might have said that data should best
be open to scrutiny - but ethics clearly says: Not so fast!<br>
</p>
<p>Hans<br>
</p>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div class="x_ms-outlook-ios-signature">Get <a
href="https://aka.ms/o0ukef" moz-do-not-send="true">Outlook
for iOS</a></div>
</div>
<hr tabindex="-1" style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font
style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
color="#000000"><b>From:</b> CODATA-international
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org></a>
on behalf of Mercury Fox <a
class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:ceds@email.arizona.edu"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<ceds@email.arizona.edu></a><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 28, 2020 8:31:28 AM<br>
<b>Cc:</b> CODATA International <a
class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:codata-international@lists.codata.org"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<codata-international@lists.codata.org></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [CODATA-international] Brown (2020)
Big Secret in the Academy (article) on Open Access and
lack thereof</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<style>
<!--
#x_x_tableStyle
{background-color:#ffffe6;
width:100%;
padding:2pt;
font-size:10pt;
line-height:11pt;
font-family:'calibri';
color:black;
text-align:left}
#x_x_strong
{font-size:11pt;
line-height:12pt;
font-family:'Calibri';
color:Red;
text-align:left}
#x_x_div2
{font-size:0pt;
color:White;
display:none;
visibility:hidden}
-->
</style>
<table id="x_x_tableStyle">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>[External Email]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">The <a
href="https://zenodo.org/record/3552330#.Xs-tt9rQhEY"
moz-do-not-send="true">Beijing Declaration on
Research Data</a> has a prescription for closed
research data in article 6, although I see that the
final version removed the recommendation for data
management plans include an embargo expiration date.</div>
<br>
<div class="x_x_gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="x_x_gmail_attr">On Wed, May 27,
2020 at 5:31 PM Falk Huettmann <<a
href="mailto:fhuettmann@alaska.edu"
moz-do-not-send="true">fhuettmann@alaska.edu</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="x_x_gmail_quote" style="margin:0px
0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Dear Kind Colleagues,<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>as most people on this listerserver and in
agencies promote the news that we are all moving
towards Open Access, and that things get better
that way and more transparent, or even more</div>
<div>trustworthy,</div>
<div>I would like to share with you below a recent
article by the esteemed American Association of<br>
</div>
<div>University Professors (AAUP), titled </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The Big Secret in the Academy Is That Most
Research Is Secret: The dangerous rift between
open and classified research, Spring 2020</div>
<div>By Kate Brown<br>
</div>
<div><a
href="https://www.aaup.org/article/big-secret-academy-most-research-secret#.Xs7TDERKhhE"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.aaup.org/article/big-secret-academy-most-research-secret#.Xs7TDERKhhE</a> <br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>It deals with Chernobyl as a case study but
has many wider implications and statements
within on data access issues and the sciences,
globally.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>It mirrors what I know and see, and what I
have expressed last years.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>It also reminds of such type of works (see
facts and details within, specifically data and
digital society issues) like:</div>
<div><a
href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/533258/how-will-capitalism-end-by-wolfgang-streeck/"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/533258/how-will-capitalism-end-by-wolfgang-streeck/</a> <br>
</div>
<div><a
href="https://www.amazon.com/Against-Everything-Essays-Mark-Greif-ebook/dp/B019B6WTZW"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.amazon.com/Against-Everything-Essays-Mark-Greif-ebook/dp/B019B6WTZW</a> <br>
</div>
<div><a
href="https://www.amazon.com/Dirty-Wars-Battlefield-Jeremy-Scahill/dp/156858671X"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.amazon.com/Dirty-Wars-Battlefield-Jeremy-Scahill/dp/156858671X</a> </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The best way to proceed here, in a good way,
is to fully acknowledge the status quo,</div>
<div>and then improve on it dramatically for
betterment. </div>
<div>I lack those acknowledgements though and
actions even, or a valid vision, beyond just
arbitrary piecemeal with many loop holes and
ineffciencies.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>That's my view.</div>
<div> <br>
</div>
<div>Thanks, please keep me posted on this topic.</div>
<div>Very best regards</div>
<div> Falk Huettmann PhD, Professor</div>
<div> University of Alaska Fairbanks</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
CODATA-international mailing list<br>
<a
href="mailto:CODATA-international@lists.codata.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">CODATA-international@lists.codata.org</a><br>
<a
href="http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org"
rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br clear="all">
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div dir="ltr" class="x_x_gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr"><font
style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"
face="garamond, times new roman,
serif" color="#073763"><b>Merc Fox<br>
</b></font><font face="monospace">Director, </font><span
style="font-family:monospace">CODATA
Center of Excellence in Data for
Society at the University of Arizona</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="monospace">Data7
+ iSchool + NNI + CDSDS</font><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><span
style="font-family:monospace">Tucson
AZ </span><span
style="font-family:monospace">♦</span><span
style="font-family:monospace"> </span><span
style="font-family:monospace">Washington
DC</span><span
style="font-family:monospace"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div><span
style="font-family:monospace">(520)
261-4997</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="monospace"><a
href="https://ceds.arizona.edu"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://ceds.arizona.edu</a> <br>
</font></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div><font face="monospace"><a
href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-7301"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0726-7301</a></font></div>
<br>
<div><font face="garamond, times new
roman, serif">Tucson and the
University of Arizona are located
on Tohono O'odham Nation
homelands and the lands of the
Pascua Yaqui Tribe.</font></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<style>
<!--
#x_x_tableStyle
{border-left:9px solid red;
background-color:#ffffe6;
width:100%;
padding:2pt;
font-size:10pt;
line-height:11pt;
font-family:'calibri';
color:black;
text-align:left}
#x_x_strong
{font-size:11pt;
line-height:12pt;
font-family:'Calibri';
color:Red;
text-align:left}
#x_x_div2
{font-size:0pt;
color:White;
display:none;
visibility:hidden}
-->
</style>
<table id="x_x_tableStyle">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>This email contains links to content or
websites. Always be cautious when clicking on
external links or attachments. If in doubt, please
forward suspicious emails to
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:phishing@carleton.ca"
moz-do-not-send="true">phishing@carleton.ca</a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div id="x_x_div2">-----End of Disclaimer-----</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="x_mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<pre class="x_moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
CODATA-international mailing list
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:CODATA-international@lists.codata.org" moz-do-not-send="true">CODATA-international@lists.codata.org</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org" moz-do-not-send="true">http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="70">--
Hans Pfeiffenberger
Consultant, scientific data infrastructures & policies
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.hans-pfeiffenberger.de" moz-do-not-send="true">www.hans-pfeiffenberger.de</a></pre>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="70">--
Hans Pfeiffenberger
Consultant, scientific data infrastructures & policies
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.hans-pfeiffenberger.de">www.hans-pfeiffenberger.de</a></pre>
</body>
</html>