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<p>I have been following these discussions with considerable interest, and as a one-time active CODATA/RDA scientist I recognize some of the arguments and (especially) the same gaps and omissions that I used to feel, and still feel strongly, really do need
to be addressed.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>The movement of Open Data has a great deal to commend it, but the concept - and what seems to be tacitly accepted by the participants of this discussion - is that data are a routine output of national or local programmes. That may certainly be the case
in a number of scientific and social-scientific fields, but perhaps this is also a good moment to take a more wholistic view of the matter. The history of scientific discovery and development depended fully upon individuals with their own resources, able
to conduct the research that caught their imagination. Structured science had not been invented (fortunately); it was the "blue-skies" operators who showed ways forward, and they could do so because they were able to function unfettered. History relates over
and over again many cases in which it was the serendipitous sighting, the hunch, or the perseverance which brought a new result to light. While few researchers have the resources to operate in that mode nowadays, progress in science still depends strongly
upon the intuition, the imagination and (often) the courage which individual researchers bring to their sub-fields, and care needs to be taken to offer those researchers both resources and respect for what they accomplish. Mention of Open Data suggest strongly
that data should become public as soon as they are obtained, leaving the originator of those data little reward for devoting much career space to designing their capture.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Doubtless the above will be foreign to some - I found it was foreign across the board in both CODATA and the RDA - but it is an aspect which needs to be regarded alongside the other issues raised here. One step is to ensure the inclusion of several active
researchers in the discussions and particularly in formulating steps towards improvements. We also need to define what exactly we mean by "data".</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Elizabeth Griffin<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> CODATA-international <codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org> on behalf of Kiringai Kamau <kiringai.kamau@godan.info><br>
<b>Sent:</b> October 16, 2019 9:48 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Alex de Sherbinin<br>
<b>Cc:</b> CODATA International<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [CODATA-international] Digital Feudalism</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Thanks, Alex for yours!
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Your discussion makes the reason to have a more focused discourse among stakeholders which this platform provides part of. It would make good sense to align this with some of the data think Tanks and present the case for in-depth analysis for a continental
level discussion. We are gearing for the ACFTA, which will drive intra-Africa Trade. Investment in infrastructure is definitely critical for this. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The GODAN Africa Agenda is to promote a concensus on an Open data paradigm that anonymizes data for access, use and reuse for innovation. Intra-country data needs to be as raw as the users may seek to do. It makes sense for each country to plan its own
strategy on hosting, but GODAN supports countries think through the internal processes. Alone, however, we are not able to do it which is why we are a network to work with those who share our vision of making evidence available for decision making using data
openness.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The best locale for the kind of discussion we seem to hold is at the AU or ECA, who could kick start the discussions then regions and countries can take that forward but from the perspective of breaking the big pan African challenge into smaller achievable
milestones. If we do have any representatives of the AU, ECA, or any institutional initiatives that believe in the goal of GODAN, in this forum, kindly inbox me so that we can side chat on the possibilities.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Sincerely,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Kiringai</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>This discu</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Oct 16, 2019 at 5:21 PM Alex de Sherbinin <<a href="mailto:adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu">adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">Dear Kiringai,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thanks for your thoughtful response. I don't think that the cloud makes in-country or regional investments in the establishment of data repositories redundant. A repository could use the cloud for storage or backup and still require domain expertise for
the curation, documentation and stewardship of data according to community standards. Note that the CoreTrustSeal certification requires repositories to identify their domain and mission, which is considered critical for understanding the needs of the user
community. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>One of the issues I have with the current approach to putting data in open repositories (Dryad, Figshare, etc.) is that the data are often not well documented (unless accompanied by a journal article) or discoverable, e.g. through catalog searches. Something
else I've encountered in Africa is a reluctance by national governments to entrust their data to cloud services hosted in Europe or North America. There may really be no threat to data security or breaches at all, but there is a perception that such a threat
exists or that this is a form of neo-colonialism (exportation of data). Lastly, someone else raised the issue that the cloud requires monthly fees. Unfortunately this may represent an obstacle to donors, who can pay for infrastructure but not necessarily monthly
fees. Perhaps those policies can be changed in recognition of the new reality. Or perhaps a continental/regional approach could mean that a repository is supported by fees coming from multiple member countries.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I am not opposed to a continental/regional approach to data repositories, but where do we begin? With the AOSP? The African Union? And is it just one big open repository serving all domains from health to agriculture to climate or biological sciences,
or could we envision various domain repositories being set up with core funding serving continental or regional needs (say under the umbrella of ECOWAS or CILSS in the West African context)?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>In any case - I wanted to make this point to the group at large, in case others have thoughts. I would like to follow up with you for some more discussions on possible GODAN-WDS collaboration in the region.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Alex</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Oct 13, 2019 at 12:56 AM Kiringai Kamau <<a href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info" target="_blank">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">Alex,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>As you well mention, the Cloud makes in-country investments redundant. and may to some extent be unnecessary. As Africa moves to centralize rather than decentralize within the Continental Free Trade Area and the Malabo Agendas, we may want to think of
Africa's open data space as the policy environment where much of what emerges from your workshop/conference will get better mileage for realization.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>GODAN's Africa Agenda is to support a melting pot of innovation using data. It is my view that once data is openly available, the temptation of taking it away to any place or location after a project is done becomes unnecessary. We make a deal of data
theft because someone having it has better mileage in what they can propose to us...what if everyone has access, can use and reuse the data for innovation-based not on information asymmetry but rather on their ingenuity?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>If we could do this, then the pan African institutions would focus on what brings development rather than other parochial interests...investment would be promoted and development achieved.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I would be keen to discuss with your team on the possibilities of moving to a more centralized open data space that can inspire innovation as we work together within the GODAN Agenda. Unfortunately, we shall be finishing the Africa Geospatial Data and
Internet Conference in Accra at the time yours kicks off.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Inbox me for further discussion on how we can work together.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Kiringai,</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Oct 12, 2019 at 9:53 PM Alex de Sherbinin <<a href="mailto:adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu" target="_blank">adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">This conversation offers a good opportunity to make everyone aware of a conference coming up on 23-25 October in Dakar: "Open Science in the South: Issues and Perspectives for a New Dynamic" <a href="https://opensciencesud.sciencesconf.org/" target="_blank">https://opensciencesud.sciencesconf.org/</a>.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>At this conference I am co-organizing with a colleague from WDS (Arona Diedhou) and partners from Agrhymet, Centre de Suivi Ecologique and WASCAL a workshop on developing West African research data repositories. One of the arguments I plan to make is that
the absence of national / regional repositories, along with policies in countries requiring repatriation of data (or at least maintenance of a copy in country), there will continue be a lack of "restitution" of research findings and development project data
in the region. I'd be happy to know if others are making such arguments, or if indeed in the age of the cloud this seems too parochial. Obviously this would require training and funding. If anyone can point me to initiatives that would support this effort,
that would be most welcome. I am hoping to convince IRD, the lead organizer, that investment in this area would be a tangible output from the conference.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Cheers,</div>
<div>Alex de Sherbinin </div>
<div>vice chair, WDS scientific committee</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Oct 12, 2019 at 9:42 AM Kiringai Kamau <<a href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info" target="_blank">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">Kassim, Niek
<div><br>
</div>
<div>As you rightly say, most of the projects are undertaken from a top-down perspective, with limited sharing of knowledge among all the actors ... the beneficiaries rarely get to see the definition of the mission and the impatience to get started by those
coming with the project funds creates no opportunity for any preparedness among the beneficiary partners. Where knowledgeable persons exist, they may only be hosted within institutions. In many cases, such institutions are not core/key actors in the problem/project
definition. They are only invited, by a higher privileged office/officer, when everything has been defined and pathways of implementation determined at a political level they cannot question. Economic or political interests are the pathways that those with
interests use to take advantage of a system they may know presents the opportunity to give them leeway to mine data for their use and leave with it. The projects therefore are not defined with any other intention other than the data sourcing for a song and
empty promises by those portending to possess the knowledge that will develop a beneficiary country. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Realizing this challenge, the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition convened with ministers of the South-South an Open Data Conference in Nairobi where a Declaration was formulated. We are currently supporting African countries to evolve policies
and frameworks that can advise compliance to national, regional and global agendas and in the process build local capacity key of which is data governance. I am convinced that we can sport feudal inclinations on behalf of partner countries in projects and
therefore request anyone formulating a project that they feel should be bottom-up and create local knowledge should link up with GODAN through Suchith or myself (in case your area of focus is Africa).</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thanks, Suchith for sharing the Feudalism concerns.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Kiringai Kamau</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Oct 12, 2019 at 10:16 AM Mwitondi, Kassim <<a href="mailto:K.Mwitondi@shu.ac.uk" target="_blank">K.Mwitondi@shu.ac.uk</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div>This is an instance of a biased data ownership. A few years ago I was working with a young African researcher on an agro-forestry research project. No sooner had we started than I realused that her centre had only some descriptive statistics but no direct
access to the biomass data which she and her colleagues had spent months collecting from two islands! The vast chunk of the data had left with the development partners at the end of the project. It turned out, nobody at the centre had any knowledge or pressing
interest to pursue the data and there was already new initiatives to run another project, which in my view was almost a duplicate of the first, but this time with a different development partner.<br>
<br>
To cut the long story short, I have come across several cases of data ownership of this nature and my view is that it doesn't help much coining terminologies, as the best that can be achieved is a blame culture. Would I call that data capitalism? Colonialism?
Feudalism? I never would! I have learnt, over the years, that proper problem identification is a major stride in working out the solution. Blaming it on one part marginalizing the other when it comes to data generation, access and ownership is stripping everyone
on the project of a fundamental responsibility in managing the project.<br>
<br>
Apparently, the problem starts with the project write-up. If the project recipient is fully engaged from project initiation to delivery, they surely should know how to access the data, as that is a key project deliverable. My personal experience is that there
are a several factors that lead to this kind of situation. One, many project ideas are top-down, that is, they are not developed within the working conditions of the recipients. Two, there are often many gaps in engagement, mainly caused by near disparate
motives on many projects, with the funders, experts and recipients not necessarily having the same perception, motives or knowledge. Put the two together and add the determined project timeline, you have a near disaster. But the tripartite interests to run
projects continues and we are creating a vicious cycle. What is the solution? It must start from the recipients who must align each incoming project with their respective development strategies. They must present themselves as equal partners in defining the
project problem and tracking and measuring its outcomes. They should be able to quantifiable identify what worked and what didn't and any there should be national institutions charged with such responsibility. I could be writing all night, I would rather stop
here for now.<br>
<br>
Thanks.<br>
<br>
KSM<br>
<br>
Dr Kassim S. Mwitondi<br>
Sheffield Hallam University<br>
Faculty of Science, Technology and Arts<br>
Communication & Computing Research Centre<br>
9410 Cantor Building, City Campus<br>
153 Arundel Street<br>
Sheffield, S1 2NU<br>
United Kingdom<br>
Tel. +44-114-2256914 (Direct)<br>
Tel. +44-114-2255555 (General)<br>
<a href="https://www.shu.ac.uk/about-us/our-people/staff-profiles/kassim-mwitondi" target="_blank">https://www.shu.ac.uk/about-us/our-people/staff-profiles/kassim-mwitondi</a><br>
<hr style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div id="gmail-m_9164955319176224047gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr">
<font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> CODATA-international <<a href="mailto:codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org" target="_blank">codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org</a>> on behalf of Trimpact
- Niek <<a href="mailto:niek@trimpact.nl" target="_blank">niek@trimpact.nl</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 11 October 2019 18:12:22<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Ernie Boyko' <<a href="mailto:boykern@yahoo.com" target="_blank">boykern@yahoo.com</a>>; 'CODATA International' <<a href="mailto:codata-international@lists.codata.org" target="_blank">codata-international@lists.codata.org</a>>; 'Suchith Anand' <<a href="mailto:Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk" target="_blank">Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [CODATA-international] Digital Feudalism</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div lang="NL">
<div>
<p><span lang="EN-GB">Dear all,</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB">This is indeed a huge problem. I also recently learned that information data from NGOs are best perhaps shared with some ministries in Bamako, Mali, but not within a region where the work is being done. This implies that local decision
makers remain dependant on the information/data stream back from the ministries which may take some months, if ever. This can never be the purpose of the work executed.</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB">Since most of the projects are financed with public funding for the benefit of de people in the given (development) country and data/information belong in fact to the real funds provider of the work (i.e. tax payers), claims of intellectual
property rights that data belong to the project executors seem not applicable. Consequently, data and other information (e.g. lessons learned) should be shared at large to the population and other relevant stakeholders to avoid duplication of efforts.</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB">A discussion worthwhile to be continued.</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p><span>Kind regards,</span></p>
<p style="background:white"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Dr. Niek van Duivenbooden</span></p>
<p style="background:white"><span style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,32,96)"> </span><span style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black"></span></p>
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<p><span> </span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-right:none; border-bottom:none; border-left:none; border-top:1pt solid rgb(225,225,225); padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p><b>Van:</b> CODATA-international <<a href="mailto:codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org" target="_blank">codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org</a>>
<b>Namens </b>Ernie Boyko<br>
<b>Verzonden:</b> vrijdag 11 oktober 2019 15:26<br>
<b>Aan:</b> CODATA International <<a href="mailto:codata-international@lists.codata.org" target="_blank">codata-international@lists.codata.org</a>>; Suchith Anand <<a href="mailto:Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk" target="_blank">Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk</a>><br>
<b>Onderwerp:</b> Re: [CODATA-international] Digital Feudalism</p>
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-GB">Thank you Suchith,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-GB">I have not heard that term before but I did run into related term this week at the DDI-CODATA workshop here in Dagstuhl. The term is Data Colonialism. This often happens when
a foreign entity (e.g., a development agency/project).e data are collected in a developing country and are taken out of the country. They will leave behind some summary tables but will take the rich data and metadata away. This makes it difficult to develop
the data analysis and management skills within the country. </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-GB">Thanks for the message.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
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<p style="background:white"><span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:black" lang="EN-GB">Cheers, Ernie</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Helvetica Neue",serif; color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">On Friday, October 11, 2019, 08:51:29 AM EDT, Suchith Anand <</span><a href="mailto:Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Helvetica Neue",serif" lang="EN-GB">Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk</span></a><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Helvetica Neue",serif; color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">>
wrote: </span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">I came across a recent op-ed by Prof. Mariana Mazzucato on “Digital Feudalism” at</span><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p style=""><a href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/platform-economy-digital-feudalism-by-mariana-mazzucato-2019-10?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=d192f2bc47-sunday_newsletter_6_10_2019&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-d192f2bc47-105013549&mc_cid=d192f2bc47&mc_eid=a8cee90b20" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/platform-economy-digital-feudalism-by-mariana-mazzucato-2019-10?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=d192f2bc47-sunday_newsletter_6_10_2019&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-d192f2bc47-105013549&mc_cid=d192f2bc47&mc_eid=a8cee90b20</span></a><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(228,175,10)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">Prof. Mazzucato is a leading researcher and thinker on Technology and Innovation, advisor to the European Commission on research and innovation strategy, and author of two important
books on the subject “The Value of Everything” and “The Entrepreneurial State”. </span><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p style=""><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">The report on “Mission-oriented Research and Innovation in the European Union” might be of interest</span><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p style=""><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/mazzucato_report_2018.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/mazzucato_report_2018.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(228,175,10)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p style=""><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">Since the use of cloud platforms for GIS data analysis is having a huge impact on the GIS community, the subject is of relevance.
</span><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black">I would like learn more on this </span><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)"></span></p>
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<li style="color:rgb(69,69,69)"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">Are there any examples of Digital Feudalism in GIS? </span><span style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li><li style="color:rgb(69,69,69)"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">How will Digital Feudalism in GIS affect our future generations?</span><span style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li><li style="color:rgb(69,69,69)"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">What policies are governments, regulators doing to reduce Digital Feudalism in GIS?</span><span style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li><li style="color:rgb(69,69,69)"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">What policies and curriculum are universities, educators adopting to reduce Digital Feudalism in GIS?</span><span style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li></ol>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p style=""><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">Best wishes,</span><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p style=""><span style="font-size:9pt; color:black" lang="EN-GB">Suchith</span><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p style="min-height:14px"><span style="font-size:9pt; color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
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<div><b><span style="color:rgb(18,100,34)">GODAN Head Office</span></b><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="">845 Sherbrooke Street West, <b>Montreal</b>, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:0.15pt"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:rgb(18,100,34); letter-spacing:0.15pt">Programme for Capacity Development in Africa (P4CDA)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">PO Box 1618, 00100 GPO Nairobi, 1<sup>st</sup> Floor, Nyaku House, Argwings Kodhek Road</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Cell: +254 722 800 986/+254 733 375 505</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Email</span></b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
<b><a href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info" target="_blank">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a></b> or
<a href="mailto:kiringai@perfect.africa" target="_blank">kiringai@perfect.africa</a>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"><i>Website</i></span></b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
<a href="http://www.godan.info" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">www.godan.info</span></a> or
<a href="http://www.perfect.africa" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">www.perfect.africa</span></a>,
<b><i>Tweeter</i></b>: @kiringaik, <b><i>Skype</i></b>: kiringai.kamau</span></p>
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Alex de Sherbinin, PhD<br>
Associate Director, Science Applications Division<br>
Deputy Manager, NASA SEDAC<br>
CIESIN, The Earth Institute at Columbia University<br>
P.O. Box 1000 (61 Route 9W), Palisades, NY 10964 <br>
Web: <a href="http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu" target="_blank">www.ciesin.columbia.edu</a> and
<a href="http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu" target="_blank">http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu</a><br>
Tel. +1-845-365-8936, Skype: alex.desherbinin</font><br>
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<div><b style="color:rgb(56,118,29); font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">GODAN Africa Lead</b><br>
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<div><font face="verdana, sans-serif" color="#000000">Programme for Capacity Development in Africa (P4CDA Africa)</font></div>
<div><font color="#000000"><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=12AWUTz9vDpZ0noUjKIgOkRgn3DFNmMB1&revid=0BzY0XhCFp0GaZC9zTGx0RkJmWDMraFIxQzM3MzJwOGhNbitJPQ"><br>
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<div><b><span style="color:rgb(18,100,34)">GODAN Head Office</span></b><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="">845 Sherbrooke Street West, <b>Montreal</b>, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:0.15pt"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:rgb(18,100,34); letter-spacing:0.15pt">Programme for Capacity Development in Africa (P4CDA)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">PO Box 1618, 00100 GPO Nairobi, 1<sup>st</sup> Floor, Nyaku House, Argwings Kodhek Road</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Cell: +254 722 800 986/+254 733 375 505</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Email</span></b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
<b><a href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info" target="_blank">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a></b> or
<a href="mailto:kiringai@perfect.africa" target="_blank">kiringai@perfect.africa</a>
</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"><i>Website</i></span></b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
<a href="http://www.godan.info" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">www.godan.info</span></a> or
<a href="http://www.perfect.africa" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">www.perfect.africa</span></a>,
<b><i>Tweeter</i></b>: @kiringaik, <b><i>Skype</i></b>: kiringai.kamau</span></p>
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<div><font size="1">--------------------------------------------------<br>
Alex de Sherbinin, PhD<br>
Associate Director, Science Applications Division<br>
Deputy Manager, NASA SEDAC<br>
CIESIN, The Earth Institute at Columbia University<br>
P.O. Box 1000 (61 Route 9W), Palisades, NY 10964 <br>
Web: <a href="http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu" target="_blank">www.ciesin.columbia.edu</a> and
<a href="http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu" target="_blank">http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu</a><br>
Tel. +1-845-365-8936, Skype: alex.desherbinin</font><br>
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<div dir="ltr">Kiringai Kamau</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
<div><b style="color:rgb(56,118,29); font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">GODAN Africa Lead</b><br>
</div>
<div><font face="verdana, sans-serif" color="#000000">Programme for Capacity Development in Africa (P4CDA Africa)</font></div>
<div><font color="#000000"><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=12AWUTz9vDpZ0noUjKIgOkRgn3DFNmMB1&revid=0BzY0XhCFp0GaZC9zTGx0RkJmWDMraFIxQzM3MzJwOGhNbitJPQ"><br>
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<div><b><span style="color:rgb(18,100,34)">GODAN Head Office</span></b><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="">845 Sherbrooke Street West, <b>Montreal</b>, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9</span><span style="font-size:12pt; letter-spacing:0.15pt"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:rgb(18,100,34); letter-spacing:0.15pt">Programme for Capacity Development in Africa (P4CDA)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">PO Box 1618, 00100 GPO Nairobi, 1<sup>st</sup> Floor, Nyaku House, Argwings Kodhek Road</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Cell: +254 722 800 986/+254 733 375 505</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Email</span></b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
<b><a href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info" target="_blank">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a></b> or
<a href="mailto:kiringai@perfect.africa" target="_blank">kiringai@perfect.africa</a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"><i>Website</i></span></b><span style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
<a href="http://www.godan.info" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">www.godan.info</span></a> or
<a href="http://www.perfect.africa" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">www.perfect.africa</span></a>,
<b><i>Tweeter</i></b>: @kiringaik, <b><i>Skype</i></b>: kiringai.kamau</span></p>
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