<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
  </head>
  <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFF99">
    <p>George, what do you mean by "imbalance in their relationship with
      researchers with access to funding"? Does the funding by West
      depend on ways of funds' distribution among researches? What would
      be the ideal balance in your view?<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 10/16/19 08:48, George Alter wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAB4FXQD5EzypeW1Ps4EeUkP5Lfhigf54R1G=hoh9uPRmPB95=g@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="ltr">Dear Anatoly,<br>
        <br>
        I think that we are seeing this from the perspective of
        different disciplines. I agree that IP is often a problem, but
        it is not the only problem.<br>
        <br>
        In the case that I was describing, the African research center
        actually "owns" the data, but they are dependent on funding
        sources in the US and Europe for support.  This leads to an
        imbalance in their relationship with researchers with access to
        funding.  I see this imbalance in resources and power as the
        central problem.  <br>
        <br>
        The "Afrobarometer" survey (<a
          href="http://www.afrobarometer.org/" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.afrobarometer.org/</a>)
        may be a model of interest in this discussion.  Afrobarometer is
        a survey of attitudes about governance and society administered
        in 30+ countries.  There are similar surveys (Eurobarometer,
        Asiabarometer, Latinobarometer, etc) in other regions, which are
        very widely used in political science.    Afrobarometer started
        as a partnership between universities in the US, South Africa,
        and Ghana.  At first, the center of activity was in the US, but
        the headquarters and leadership were transitioned to Africa. The
        US and South African partners continue to be involved as
        "support units".<br>
        <br>
        Best,<br>
        <br clear="all">
        <div>
          <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"
            data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
            <div dir="ltr">
              <div>
                <div dir="ltr">
                  <div>
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <div>
                        <div dir="ltr">
                          <div>
                            <div dir="ltr">
                              <div>
                                <div dir="ltr">
                                  <div dir="ltr">
                                    <div dir="ltr">
                                      <div dir="ltr">       George
                                        <div>---------------------------------------------------</div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div><font face="georgia,
                                              serif">George Alter</font></div>
                                          <div><span
                                              style="font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:12.8px">Research
                                              Professor, ICPSR</span><br>
                                          </div>
                                          <div><font face="georgia,
                                              serif">Professor of
                                              History, University of
                                              Michigan</font></div>
                                          <div><font face="georgia,
                                              serif">PO Box 1248, Ann
                                              Arbor, MI 48106-1248</font></div>
                                          <div><font face="georgia,
                                              serif">Tel: 734-478-0783  
                                               Fax: 734-647-8200</font></div>
                                          <div><font face="georgia,
                                              serif">Email: <a
                                                href="mailto:altergc@umich.edu"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">altergc@umich.edu</a></font></div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <br>
      </div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Oct 16, 2019 at 11:15
          AM Alex de Sherbinin <<a
            href="mailto:adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu"
            moz-do-not-send="true">adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu</a>>
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
          0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div dir="ltr">Dear Kiringai, 
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Thanks for your thoughtful response. I don't think
                that the cloud makes in-country or regional investments
                in the establishment of data repositories redundant. A
                repository could use the cloud for storage or backup and
                still require domain expertise for the curation,
                documentation and stewardship of data according to
                community standards. Note that the CoreTrustSeal
                certification requires repositories to identify their
                domain and mission, which is considered critical for
                understanding the needs of the user community. </div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>One of the issues I have with the current approach to
                putting data in open repositories (Dryad, Figshare,
                etc.) is that the data are often not well documented
                (unless accompanied by a journal article) or
                discoverable, e.g. through catalog searches. Something
                else I've encountered in Africa is a reluctance by
                national governments to entrust their data to cloud
                services hosted in Europe or North America. There may
                really be no threat to data security or breaches at all,
                but there is a perception that such a threat exists or
                that this is a form of neo-colonialism (exportation of
                data). Lastly, someone else raised the issue that the
                cloud requires monthly fees. Unfortunately this may
                represent an obstacle to donors, who can pay for
                infrastructure but not necessarily monthly fees. Perhaps
                those policies can be changed in recognition of the new
                reality. Or perhaps a continental/regional approach
                could mean that a repository is supported by fees coming
                from multiple member countries.</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>I am not opposed to a continental/regional approach
                to data repositories, but where do we begin? With the
                AOSP? The African Union? And is it just one big open
                repository serving all domains from health to
                agriculture to climate or biological sciences, or could
                we envision various domain repositories being set up
                with core funding serving continental or regional needs
                (say under the umbrella of ECOWAS or CILSS in the West
                African context)?</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>In any case - I wanted to make this point to the
                group at large, in case others have thoughts. I would
                like to follow up with you for some more discussions on
                possible GODAN-WDS collaboration in the region.</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Alex</div>
            </div>
            <br>
            <div class="gmail_quote">
              <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Oct 13, 2019 at
                12:56 AM Kiringai Kamau <<a
                  href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info"
                  target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a>>
                wrote:<br>
              </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
                0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div dir="ltr">
                  <div dir="ltr">Alex,
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>As you well mention, the Cloud makes in-country
                      investments redundant. and may to some extent be
                      unnecessary. As Africa moves to centralize rather
                      than decentralize within the Continental Free
                      Trade Area and the Malabo Agendas, we may want to
                      think of Africa's open data space as the policy
                      environment where much of what emerges from your
                      workshop/conference will get better mileage for
                      realization.</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>GODAN's Africa Agenda is to support a melting
                      pot of innovation using data. It is my view that
                      once data is openly available, the temptation of
                      taking it away to any place or location after a
                      project is done becomes unnecessary. We make a
                      deal of data theft because someone having it has
                      better mileage in what they can propose to
                      us...what if everyone has access, can use and
                      reuse the data for innovation-based not on
                      information asymmetry but rather on their
                      ingenuity?</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>If we could do this, then the pan African
                      institutions would focus on what brings
                      development rather than other parochial
                      interests...investment would be promoted and
                      development achieved.</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>I would be keen to discuss with your team on
                      the possibilities of moving to a more centralized
                      open data space that can inspire innovation as we
                      work together within the GODAN Agenda.
                      Unfortunately, we shall be finishing the Africa
                      Geospatial Data and Internet Conference in Accra
                      at the time yours kicks off.</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>Inbox me for further discussion on how we can
                      work together.</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>Kiringai,</div>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <div class="gmail_quote">
                    <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Oct 12,
                      2019 at 9:53 PM Alex de Sherbinin <<a
                        href="mailto:adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">adesherbinin@ciesin.columbia.edu</a>>
                      wrote:<br>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px
                      0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                      rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                      <div dir="ltr">This conversation offers a good
                        opportunity to make everyone aware of a
                        conference coming up on 23-25 October in Dakar:
                        "Open Science in the South: Issues and
                        Perspectives for a New Dynamic"   <a
                          href="https://opensciencesud.sciencesconf.org/"
                          target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://opensciencesud.sciencesconf.org/</a>.
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>At this conference I am co-organizing with
                          a colleague from WDS (Arona Diedhou) and
                          partners from Agrhymet, Centre de Suivi
                          Ecologique and WASCAL a workshop on developing
                          West African research data repositories. One
                          of the arguments I plan to make is that the
                          absence of national / regional repositories,
                          along with policies in countries requiring
                          repatriation of data (or at least maintenance
                          of a copy in country), there will continue be
                          a lack of "restitution" of research findings
                          and development project data in the region.
                          I'd be happy to know if others are making such
                          arguments, or if indeed in the age of the
                          cloud this seems too parochial. Obviously this
                          would require training and funding.  If anyone
                          can point me to initiatives that would support
                          this effort, that would be most welcome.  I am
                          hoping to convince IRD, the lead organizer,
                          that investment in this area would be a
                          tangible output from the conference.</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Cheers,</div>
                        <div>Alex de Sherbinin </div>
                        <div>vice chair, WDS scientific committee</div>
                      </div>
                      <br>
                      <div class="gmail_quote">
                        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Oct
                          12, 2019 at 9:42 AM Kiringai Kamau <<a
                            href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a>>
                          wrote:<br>
                        </div>
                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                          style="margin:0px 0px 0px
                          0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                          rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <div dir="ltr">Kassim, Niek
                              <div><br>
                              </div>
                              <div>As you rightly say, most of the
                                projects are undertaken from a top-down
                                perspective, with limited sharing of
                                knowledge among all the actors ... the
                                beneficiaries rarely get to see the
                                definition of the mission and the
                                impatience to get started by those
                                coming with the project funds creates no
                                opportunity for any preparedness among
                                the beneficiary partners. Where
                                knowledgeable persons exist, they may
                                only be hosted within institutions. In
                                many cases, such institutions are not
                                core/key actors in the problem/project
                                definition. They are only invited, by a
                                higher privileged office/officer, when
                                everything has been defined and pathways
                                of implementation determined at a
                                political level they cannot question.
                                Economic or political interests are the
                                pathways that those with interests use
                                to take advantage of a system they may
                                know presents the opportunity to give
                                them leeway to mine data for their use
                                and leave with it. The projects
                                therefore are not defined with any other
                                intention other than the data sourcing
                                for a song and empty promises by those
                                portending to possess the knowledge that
                                will develop a beneficiary country. </div>
                              <div><br>
                              </div>
                              <div>Realizing this challenge, the Global
                                Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition
                                convened with ministers of the
                                South-South an Open Data Conference in
                                Nairobi where a Declaration was
                                formulated. We are currently supporting
                                African countries to evolve policies and
                                frameworks that can advise compliance to
                                national, regional and global agendas
                                and in the process build local capacity
                                key of which is data governance. I am
                                convinced that we can sport feudal
                                inclinations on behalf of partner
                                countries in projects and therefore
                                request anyone formulating a project
                                that they feel should be bottom-up and
                                create local knowledge should link up
                                with GODAN through Suchith or myself (in
                                case your area of focus is Africa).</div>
                              <div><br>
                              </div>
                              <div>Thanks, Suchith for sharing the
                                Feudalism concerns.</div>
                              <div><br>
                              </div>
                              <div>Kiringai Kamau</div>
                              <div><br>
                              </div>
                              <div><br>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="gmail_quote">
                              <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat,
                                Oct 12, 2019 at 10:16 AM Mwitondi,
                                Kassim <<a
                                  href="mailto:K.Mwitondi@shu.ac.uk"
                                  target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">K.Mwitondi@shu.ac.uk</a>>
                                wrote:<br>
                              </div>
                              <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                                style="margin:0px 0px 0px
                                0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                                rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                                <div>
                                  This is an instance of a biased data
                                  ownership. A few years ago I was
                                  working with a young African
                                  researcher on an agro-forestry
                                  research project. No sooner had we
                                  started than I realused that her
                                  centre had only some descriptive
                                  statistics but no direct access to the
                                  biomass data which she and her
                                  colleagues had spent months collecting
                                  from two islands! The vast chunk of
                                  the data had left with the development
                                  partners at the end of the project. It
                                  turned out, nobody at the centre had
                                  any knowledge or pressing interest to
                                  pursue the data and there was already
                                  new initiatives to run another
                                  project, which in my view was almost a
                                  duplicate of the first, but this time
                                  with a different development partner.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  To cut the long story short, I have
                                  come across several cases of data
                                  ownership of this nature and my view
                                  is that it doesn't help much coining
                                  terminologies, as the best that can be
                                  achieved is a blame culture. Would I
                                  call that data capitalism?
                                  Colonialism? Feudalism? I never would!
                                  I have learnt, over the years, that
                                  proper problem identification is a
                                  major stride in working out the
                                  solution. Blaming it on one part
                                  marginalizing the other when it comes
                                  to data generation, access and
                                  ownership is stripping everyone on the
                                  project of a fundamental
                                  responsibility in managing the
                                  project.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  Apparently, the problem starts with
                                  the project write-up. If the project
                                  recipient is fully engaged from
                                  project initiation to delivery, they
                                  surely should know how to access the
                                  data, as that is a key project
                                  deliverable. My personal experience is
                                  that there are a several factors that
                                  lead to this kind of situation. One,
                                  many project ideas are top-down, that
                                  is, they are not developed within the
                                  working conditions of the recipients.
                                  Two, there are often many gaps in
                                  engagement, mainly caused by near
                                  disparate motives on many projects,
                                  with the funders, experts and
                                  recipients not necessarily having the
                                  same perception, motives or knowledge.
                                  Put the two together and add the
                                  determined project timeline, you have
                                  a near disaster. But the tripartite
                                  interests to run projects continues
                                  and we are creating a vicious cycle.
                                  What is the solution? It must start
                                  from the recipients who must align
                                  each incoming project with their
                                  respective development strategies.
                                  They must present themselves as equal
                                  partners in defining the project
                                  problem and tracking and measuring its
                                  outcomes. They should be able to
                                  quantifiable identify what worked and
                                  what didn't and any there should be
                                  national institutions charged with
                                  such responsibility. I could be
                                  writing all night, I would rather stop
                                  here for now.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  Thanks.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  KSM<br>
                                  <br>
                                  Dr Kassim S. Mwitondi<br>
                                  Sheffield Hallam University<br>
                                  Faculty of Science, Technology and
                                  Arts<br>
                                  Communication & Computing Research
                                  Centre<br>
                                  9410 Cantor Building, City Campus<br>
                                  153 Arundel Street<br>
                                  Sheffield, S1 2NU<br>
                                  United Kingdom<br>
                                  Tel. +44-114-2256914 (Direct)<br>
                                  Tel. +44-114-2255555 (General)<br>
                                  <a
href="https://www.shu.ac.uk/about-us/our-people/staff-profiles/kassim-mwitondi"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.shu.ac.uk/about-us/our-people/staff-profiles/kassim-mwitondi</a><br>
                                  <hr
                                    style="display:inline-block;width:98%">
                                  <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558divRplyFwdMsg"
                                    dir="ltr"><font
                                      style="font-size:11pt"
                                      face="Calibri, sans-serif"
                                      color="#000000"><b>From:</b>
                                      CODATA-international <<a
                                        href="mailto:codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org</a>>
                                      on behalf of Trimpact - Niek <<a
                                        href="mailto:niek@trimpact.nl"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">niek@trimpact.nl</a>><br>
                                      <b>Sent:</b> 11 October 2019
                                      18:12:22<br>
                                      <b>To:</b> 'Ernie Boyko' <<a
                                        href="mailto:boykern@yahoo.com"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">boykern@yahoo.com</a>>;
                                      'CODATA International' <<a
                                        href="mailto:codata-international@lists.codata.org"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">codata-international@lists.codata.org</a>>;
                                      'Suchith Anand' <<a
                                        href="mailto:Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk</a>><br>
                                      <b>Subject:</b> Re:
                                      [CODATA-international] Digital
                                      Feudalism</font>
                                    <div> </div>
                                  </div>
                                  <div lang="NL">
                                    <div>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB">Dear all,</span></p>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB">This is
                                          indeed a huge problem. I also
                                          recently learned that
                                          information data from NGOs are
                                          best perhaps shared with some
                                          ministries in Bamako, Mali,
                                          but not within a region where
                                          the work is being done. This
                                          implies that local decision
                                          makers remain dependant on the
                                          information/data stream back
                                          from the ministries which may
                                          take some months, if ever.
                                          This can never be the purpose
                                          of the work executed.</span></p>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB">Since most
                                          of the projects are financed
                                          with public funding for the
                                          benefit of de people in the
                                          given (development) country
                                          and data/information belong in
                                          fact to the real funds
                                          provider of the work (i.e. tax
                                          payers), claims of
                                          intellectual property rights
                                          that data belong to the
                                          project executors seem not
                                          applicable. Consequently, data
                                          and other information (e.g.
                                          lessons learned) should be
                                          shared at large to the
                                          population and other relevant
                                          stakeholders to avoid
                                          duplication of efforts.</span></p>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB">A discussion
                                          worthwhile to be continued.</span></p>
                                      <p><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                      <p><span>Kind regards,</span></p>
                                      <p style="background:white"><span
                                          style="color:black"> </span></p>
                                      <p style="background:white"><span
                                          style="color:black">Dr. Niek
                                          van Duivenbooden</span></p>
                                      <p style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,32,96)"> </span><span
style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
                                      <p style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"
                                          lang="EN-GB"><img
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_yiv0974673101Afbeelding_x0020_1"
                                            style="width: 2.625in;
                                            height: 0.6458in;"
                                            src="cid:part15.57AD4272.2151FDCF@total-knowledge.com"
                                            class="" width="252"
                                            height="62"></span><span
                                          style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:black"
                                          lang="EN-GB"> 
                                        </span><i><span
                                            style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)"
                                            lang="EN-GB">Bringing value
                                            to life</span></i><span
                                          style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:black"
                                          lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                      <p style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)"
                                          lang="EN-GB"> </span><span
                                          style="font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:black"
                                          lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                      <p style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)">Mezenlaan
                                          138  -  6951 HR Dieren  -  The
                                          Netherlands – T +31 61 13 81
                                          061</span></p>
                                      <p style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)">KvK:
                                        </span><span
style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Corbel,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)">64218422</span><span
style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)">
                                            -
                                        </span><span
style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)"
                                          lang="FR"><a
                                            href="mailto:niek@trimpact.nl"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:rgb(135,183,61)" lang="NL">niek@trimpact.nl</span></a></span><span
style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(135,183,61)">
                                          - <a
                                            href="http://www.trimpact.nl/"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:rgb(135,183,61)">www.Trimpact.nl</span></a></span></p>
                                      <p> </p>
                                      <p><span> </span></p>
                                      <p><span> </span></p>
                                      <p><span> </span></p>
                                      <div>
                                        <div
style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt
                                          solid
                                          rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt
                                          0cm 0cm">
                                          <p><b>Van:</b>
                                            CODATA-international <<a
href="mailto:codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org"
                                              target="_blank"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">codata-international-bounces@lists.codata.org</a>>
                                            <b>Namens </b>Ernie Boyko<br>
                                            <b>Verzonden:</b> vrijdag 11
                                            oktober 2019 15:26<br>
                                            <b>Aan:</b> CODATA
                                            International <<a
                                              href="mailto:codata-international@lists.codata.org"
                                              target="_blank"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">codata-international@lists.codata.org</a>>;
                                            Suchith Anand <<a
                                              href="mailto:Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk"
                                              target="_blank"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk</a>><br>
                                            <b>Onderwerp:</b> Re:
                                            [CODATA-international]
                                            Digital Feudalism</p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <p> </p>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
                                                New Roman",serif"
                                                lang="EN-GB">Thank you
                                                Suchith,</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
                                                New Roman",serif"
                                                lang="EN-GB">I have not
                                                heard that term before
                                                but I did run into 
                                                 related term this week
                                                at the DDI-CODATA
                                                workshop here in
                                                Dagstuhl.  The term is
                                                Data Colonialism.  This
                                                often happens when a
                                                foreign entity (e.g., a
                                                development
                                                agency/project).e data
                                                are collected in a
                                                developing country and
                                                are taken out of the
                                                country.  They will
                                                leave behind some
                                                summary tables but will
                                                take the rich data and
                                                metadata away.  This
                                                makes it difficult to
                                                develop the data
                                                analysis and management
                                                skills within the
                                                country.  </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
                                                New Roman",serif"
                                                lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
                                                New Roman",serif"
                                                lang="EN-GB">Thanks for
                                                the message.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
                                                New Roman",serif"
                                                lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydp112ffa72yui_3_13_0_1_1383570742306_21877">
                                              <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydp112ffa72yui_3_13_0_1_1383570742306_21877">
                                                <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydp112ffa72yui_3_13_0_1_1383923334020_29546">
                                                  <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydp112ffa72yui_3_13_0_1_1383923334020_29543">
                                                    <p
                                                      style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New
                                                        Roman",serif;color:black"
                                                        lang="EN-GB">Cheers,
                                                        Ernie</span><span
style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
                                                        lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                    <p
                                                      style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New
                                                        Roman",serif;color:black"
                                                        lang="EN-GB">+1-613-290-2804</span><span
style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
                                                        lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                    <p
                                                      style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
                                                          Neue",serif;color:black"
                                                          lang="EN-GB">Larrimac: 
                                                          More than a
                                                          golf course!</span></b><span
style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
                                                        lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                    <p
                                                      style="background:white"><b><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
                                                          Neue",serif;color:black"
                                                          lang="EN-GB">CODATA:
                                                          Making data
                                                          work together
                                                          to improve
                                                          science to
                                                          support
                                                          decision
                                                          makers.</span></b><span
style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
                                                        lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                    <p
                                                      style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
                                                        lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                    <p
                                                      style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
                                                        lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                    <p
                                                      style="background:white"><span
style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
                                                        lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p><span
                                              style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
                                              New Roman",serif"
                                              lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p><span
                                              style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
                                              New Roman",serif"
                                              lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydpc035e2ddyahoo_quoted_1652527351">
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
Neue",serif;color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">On Friday, October
                                                11, 2019, 08:51:29 AM
                                                EDT, Suchith Anand <</span><a
href="mailto:Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk" target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",serif"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Suchith.Anand@nottingham.ac.uk</span></a><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
                                                Neue",serif;color:rgb(38,40,42)"
                                                lang="EN-GB">> wrote:
                                              </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
Neue",serif;color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
Neue",serif;color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydpc035e2ddyiv1740180125">
                                              <div>
                                                <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydpc035e2ddyiv1740180125divtagdefaultwrapper">
                                                  <p style="margin:0cm
                                                    0cm 0.0001pt"><span
style="font-size:12pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div
id="gmail-m_4535209169964399985gmail-m_-4989014867423375544gmail-m_4557195154782684620gmail-m_-7800805981749287178gmail-m_3103754363310989558x_ydpc035e2ddyiv1740180125x_divtagdefaultwrapper">
                                                        <p><span
                                                          style="font-size:9pt;color:black"
                                                          lang="EN-GB">I
                                                          came across a
                                                          recent op-ed
                                                          by Prof.
                                                          Mariana
                                                          Mazzucato on
                                                          “Digital
                                                          Feudalism”  at</span><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal"><a
href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/platform-economy-digital-feudalism-by-mariana-mazzucato-2019-10?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=d192f2bc47-sunday_newsletter_6_10_2019&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-d192f2bc47-105013549&mc_cid=d192f2bc47&mc_eid=a8cee90b20"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9pt;color:black"
                                                          lang="EN-GB">https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/platform-economy-digital-feudalism-by-mariana-mazzucato-2019-10?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=d192f2bc47-sunday_newsletter_6_10_2019&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-d192f2bc47-105013549&mc_cid=d192f2bc47&mc_eid=a8cee90b20</span></a><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(228,175,10)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">Prof. Mazzucato is a
                                                          leading
                                                          researcher and
                                                          thinker on
                                                          Technology and
                                                          Innovation,
                                                          advisor to the
                                                          European
                                                          Commission on
                                                          research and
                                                          innovation
                                                          strategy, and
                                                          author of two
                                                          important
                                                          books on the
                                                          subject “The
                                                          Value of
                                                          Everything”
                                                          and
                                                          “The Entrepreneurial
                                                          State”. </span><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">The report on
                                                          “Mission-oriented
                                                          Research and
                                                          Innovation in
                                                          the European
                                                          Union” might
                                                          be of interest</span><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal"><a
href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/mazzucato_report_2018.pdf"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                          style="font-size:9pt;color:black"
                                                          lang="EN-GB">https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/mazzucato_report_2018.pdf</span></a><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(228,175,10)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">Since the use of cloud
                                                          platforms for
                                                          GIS data
                                                          analysis is
                                                          having a huge
                                                          impact on the
                                                          GIS community,
                                                          the subject is
                                                          of relevance.
                                                          </span><span
                                                          style="font-size:9pt;color:black">I
                                                          would like
                                                          learn more on
                                                          this </span><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)"></span></p>
                                                        <ol start="1"
                                                          style="margin-top:0cm"
                                                          type="1">
                                                          <li
                                                          style="color:rgb(69,69,69)"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">Are there any examples of
                                                          Digital
                                                          Feudalism in
                                                          GIS? </span><span
style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li>
                                                          <li
                                                          style="color:rgb(69,69,69);font-stretch:normal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">How will Digital
                                                          Feudalism in
                                                          GIS affect our
                                                          future
                                                          generations?</span><span
style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li>
                                                          <li
                                                          style="color:rgb(69,69,69);font-stretch:normal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">What policies are
                                                          governments,
                                                          regulators
                                                          doing to
                                                          reduce Digital
                                                          Feudalism in
                                                          GIS?</span><span
style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li>
                                                          <li
                                                          style="color:rgb(69,69,69);font-stretch:normal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">What policies and
                                                          curriculum
                                                          are universities,
                                                          educators
                                                          adopting to
                                                          reduce Digital
                                                          Feudalism in
                                                          GIS?</span><span
style="font-size:9pt" lang="EN-GB"></span></li>
                                                        </ol>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">Best wishes,</span><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:black" lang="EN-GB">Suchith</span><span
                                                          style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)"
                                                          lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                                        <p
                                                          style="font-stretch:normal;min-height:14px"><span
style="font-size:9pt;color:rgb(69,69,69)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">This message and any attachment are intended solely for the addressee</span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">and may contain confidential information. If you have received this</span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">message in error, please contact the sender and delete the email and</span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">attachment. </span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">Any views or opinions expressed by the author of this email do not</span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">necessarily reflect the views of the University of Nottingham. Email</span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">communications with the University of Nottingham may be monitored </span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">where permitted by law.</span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></pre>
                                                <pre><span style="color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB"> </span></pre>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <p><span
                                                style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
Neue",serif;color:rgb(38,40,42)" lang="EN-GB">_______________________________________________<br>
                                                CODATA-international
                                                mailing list<br>
                                              </span><a
                                                href="mailto:CODATA-international@lists.codata.org"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",serif"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">CODATA-international@lists.codata.org</span></a><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
                                                Neue",serif;color:rgb(38,40,42)"
                                                lang="EN-GB"><br>
                                              </span><a
href="http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",serif"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org</span></a><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Helvetica
                                                Neue",serif;color:rgb(38,40,42)"
                                                lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
_______________________________________________<br>
                                CODATA-international mailing list<br>
                                <a
                                  href="mailto:CODATA-international@lists.codata.org"
                                  target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">CODATA-international@lists.codata.org</a><br>
                                <a
href="http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org"
                                  rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true">http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org</a><br>
                              </blockquote>
                            </div>
                            <br clear="all">
                            <div><br>
                            </div>
                            -- <br>
                            <div dir="ltr">
                              <div dir="ltr">
                                <div>
                                  <div dir="ltr">
                                    <div dir="ltr">
                                      <div dir="ltr">
                                        <div dir="ltr">
                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                            <div dir="ltr">
                                              <div dir="ltr">
                                                <div>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________</div>
                                                <div dir="ltr">Kiringai
                                                  Kamau</div>
                                                <div dir="ltr"><br>
                                                  <div><b
                                                      style="color:rgb(56,118,29);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">GODAN
                                                      Africa Lead</b><br>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div><font
                                                      face="verdana,
                                                      sans-serif"
                                                      color="#000000">Programme
                                                      for Capacity
                                                      Development in
                                                      Africa (P4CDA
                                                      Africa)</font></div>
                                                  <div><font
                                                      color="#000000"><img
moz-do-not-send="true"><br>
                                                    </font></div>
                                                  <div><b><span
                                                        style="color:rgb(18,100,34)">GODAN
                                                        Head Office</span></b><br>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial">845
                                                      Sherbrooke Street
                                                      West, <b>Montreal</b>,
                                                      Quebec, Canada H3A
                                                      0G4<span></span></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Macdonald Campus,
                                                        McGill
                                                        University,
                                                        21111 Lakeshore
                                                        Road,
                                                        Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,
                                                        QC H9X 3V9</span><span
style="font-size:12pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt"><span></span></span></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"> </span></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="color:rgb(18,100,34);letter-spacing:0.15pt">Programme for
                                                          Capacity
                                                          Development
                                                          in Africa
                                                          (P4CDA)<span></span></span></b></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">PO Box 1618, 00100 GPO Nairobi, 1<sup>st</sup>
                                                        Floor, Nyaku
                                                        House, Argwings
                                                        Kodhek Road<span></span></span></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Cell: +254 722 800 986/+254 733 375 505<span></span></span></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Email</span></b><span
                                                        style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
                                                        <b><a
                                                          href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a></b>
                                                        or <a
                                                          href="mailto:kiringai@perfect.africa"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">kiringai@perfect.africa</a> <span></span></span></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">
                                                    </p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><b><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"><i>Website</i></span></b><span
                                                        style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
                                                        <a
                                                          href="http://www.godan.info"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:windowtext">www.godan.info</span></a>
                                                        or <a
                                                          href="http://www.perfect.africa"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:windowtext">www.perfect.africa</span></a>,
                                                        <b><i>Tweeter</i></b>:
                                                        @kiringaik, <b><i>Skype</i></b>:
                                                        kiringai.kamau</span><span></span></p>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span></span></p>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
_______________________________________________<br>
                          CODATA-international mailing list<br>
                          <a
                            href="mailto:CODATA-international@lists.codata.org"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">CODATA-international@lists.codata.org</a><br>
                          <a
href="http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org"
                            rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org</a><br>
                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
                      <br clear="all">
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
                      -- <br>
                      <div dir="ltr">
                        <div dir="ltr">
                          <div>
                            <div dir="ltr">
                              <div><font size="1">--------------------------------------------------<br>
                                  Alex de Sherbinin, PhD<br>
                                  Associate Director, Science
                                  Applications Division<br>
                                  Deputy Manager, NASA SEDAC<br>
                                  CIESIN, The Earth Institute at
                                  Columbia University<br>
                                  P.O. Box 1000 (61 Route 9W),
                                  Palisades, NY 10964 <br>
                                  Web: <a
                                    href="http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">www.ciesin.columbia.edu</a>
                                  and <a
                                    href="http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu</a><br>
                                  Tel. +1-845-365-8936,  Skype:
                                  alex.desherbinin</font><br>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                  </div>
                  <br clear="all">
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  -- <br>
                  <div dir="ltr">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <div>
                        <div dir="ltr">
                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <div dir="ltr">
                              <div dir="ltr">
                                <div dir="ltr">
                                  <div dir="ltr">
                                    <div dir="ltr">
                                      <div>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________</div>
                                      <div dir="ltr">Kiringai Kamau</div>
                                      <div dir="ltr"><br>
                                        <div><b
                                            style="color:rgb(56,118,29);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">GODAN
                                            Africa Lead</b><br>
                                        </div>
                                        <div><font face="verdana,
                                            sans-serif" color="#000000">Programme
                                            for Capacity Development in
                                            Africa (P4CDA Africa)</font></div>
                                        <div><font color="#000000"><img
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><br>
                                          </font></div>
                                        <div><b><span
                                              style="color:rgb(18,100,34)">GODAN
                                              Head Office</span></b><br>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial">845
                                            Sherbrooke Street West, <b>Montreal</b>,
                                            Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4<span></span></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Macdonald Campus,
                                              McGill University, 21111
                                              Lakeshore Road,
                                              Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,
                                              QC H9X 3V9</span><span
                                              style="font-size:12pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt"><span></span></span></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"> </span></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="color:rgb(18,100,34);letter-spacing:0.15pt">Programme for
                                                Capacity Development
                                                in Africa (P4CDA)<span></span></span></b></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">PO
                                              Box 1618, 00100 GPO
                                              Nairobi, 1<sup>st</sup>
                                              Floor, Nyaku House,
                                              Argwings Kodhek Road<span></span></span></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Cell:
                                              +254 722 800 986/+254 733
                                              375 505<span></span></span></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">Email</span></b><span
                                              style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
                                              <b><a
                                                  href="mailto:kiringai.kamau@godan.info"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">kiringai.kamau@godan.info</a></b>
                                              or <a
                                                href="mailto:kiringai@perfect.africa"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">kiringai@perfect.africa</a>
                                              <span></span></span></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal">
                                          </p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><b><span
style="letter-spacing:0.15pt"><i>Website</i></span></b><span
                                              style="letter-spacing:0.15pt">:
                                              <a
                                                href="http://www.godan.info"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:windowtext">www.godan.info</span></a>
                                              or <a
                                                href="http://www.perfect.africa"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:windowtext">www.perfect.africa</span></a>,
                                              <b><i>Tweeter</i></b>:
                                              @kiringaik, <b><i>Skype</i></b>:
                                              kiringai.kamau</span><span></span></p>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial"><span></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
            </div>
            <br clear="all">
            <div><br>
            </div>
            -- <br>
            <div dir="ltr">
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div>
                  <div dir="ltr">
                    <div><font size="1">--------------------------------------------------<br>
                        Alex de Sherbinin, PhD<br>
                        Associate Director, Science Applications
                        Division<br>
                        Deputy Manager, NASA SEDAC<br>
                        CIESIN, The Earth Institute at Columbia
                        University<br>
                        P.O. Box 1000 (61 Route 9W), Palisades, NY 10964
                        <br>
                        Web: <a href="http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu"
                          target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">www.ciesin.columbia.edu</a>
                        and <a href="http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu"
                          target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu</a><br>
                        Tel. +1-845-365-8936,  Skype: alex.desherbinin</font><br>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          _______________________________________________<br>
          CODATA-international mailing list<br>
          <a href="mailto:CODATA-international@lists.codata.org"
            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">CODATA-international@lists.codata.org</a><br>
          <a
href="http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org"
            rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org</a><br>
        </blockquote>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
CODATA-international mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:CODATA-international@lists.codata.org">CODATA-international@lists.codata.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org">http://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
  </body>
</html>