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Hi, we have for RO-Crate 2 planned to lift the requirements of the root to be a Dataset, in particular it may become a Data Catalogue that has many Dataset.</div>
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Our interpretation of Dataset is slightly broader than DCAT that the Schema.org Dataset is based on. For instance we allow "any file" (and in fact no file if you like, using only "mentions" or external URIs) while they assume a Dataset to be something akin
to a proxy for a single CSV file (the distribution) and alternative formats of the same conceptual dataset. Thus variableMeasured in RO-Crate may seem awkward on the root datset, as you would not know which file they apply to, and we would rather describe
the File (aka MediaObject) directly. </div>
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Yet Dataset is very applicable because we normally have a root folder. And so we can have a "distribution" to a Zip download for instance, this is very useful when referencing other crates. </div>
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https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/specification/1.2/data-entities#directories-on-the-web-dataset-distributions</div>
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But remember DCAT is about availability firstly so there a Data Catalog is always by reference to each Dataset. RO-Crate would permit nested Dataset so we have one Dataset inside another, one per folder. This may in some cases be another RO-Crate. For that
case currently in 1.2 I would use both types on the upper root Dataset, e.g. in pseudo-JSON</div>
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@id: ./</div>
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@type: [Dataset, DataCatalogue]</div>
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This is similar to how we define a Profile Crate as both Dataset and Profile. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<a href="https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/specification/1.2/profiles.html#profile-crate" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/specification/1.2/profiles.html#profile-crate</a></span></div>
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We are also thinking of using Collection for a looser gathering of files that are not in a separate folder, this is used by Workflow Run Crate</div>
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<a href="https://www.researchobject.org/workflow-run-crate/profiles/process_run_crate/#representing-multi-file-objects" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchobject.org/workflow-run-crate/profiles/process_run_crate/#representing-multi-file-objects</a></div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> cdif-community <cdif-community-bounces@lists.codata.org> on behalf of Peter Winstanley <peter.winstanley@semanticarts.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, October 13, 2025 8:26:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Donald Hobern <donald.hobern@adelaide.edu.au>; cdif-community@lists.codata.org <cdif-community@lists.codata.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [cdif-community] Definition of schema:Dataset</font>
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HI Donald In some respects a dataset is an idea for some managed information under a single curator that needs initially to be identified and then populated - so you'd have an identifier for a datasets and then providing some information about</div>
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HI Donald</div>
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In some respects a dataset is an idea for some managed information under a single curator that needs initially to be identified and then populated - so you'd have an identifier for a datasets and then providing some information about what it is (going to be)
about - and that might be before you have any 'data' in it.</div>
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The cataloging of datasets starts off with recording the things that you have which are not recorded, but once that is done you need you process to record the description of the data as it is being recorded. So, we can start with dcat:Resource, and then update
that as the resource comes into being (dcat:Dataset, dcat:Distribution, etc)</div>
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Peter</div>
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<div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> cdif-community <cdif-community-bounces@lists.codata.org> on behalf of Donald Hobern <donald.hobern@adelaide.edu.au><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 13 October 2025 08:16<br>
<b>To:</b> cdif-community@lists.codata.org <cdif-community@lists.codata.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [cdif-community] Definition of schema:Dataset</font>
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<div class="x_x_elementToProof">I'd like to check that there is a consistent definition for what we label as a schema:Dataset. Schema.org defined it as "<span style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">A
body of structured information describing some topic(s) of interest" (<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://schema.org/Dataset__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!H1BbexhqxXZIpx5vz2t7ootw5n7KdXlan0eP558o5JHO1jeOxC-55F30e-DgKlq8ypOZExLt1kFU309T371wHjzghnpJrZgotOhkq-UHAg$">https://schema.org/Dataset
[schema.org]</a>). In line with this, RO-Crate seems to use Dataset as a container for one or more Files via schema:hasPart (e.g.
<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/specification/1.2/introduction.html__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!H1BbexhqxXZIpx5vz2t7ootw5n7KdXlan0eP558o5JHO1jeOxC-55F30e-DgKlq8ypOZExLt1kFU309T371wHjzghnpJrZgotOhk-fpbsg$">
https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/specification/1.2/introduction.html [researchobject.org]</a>). Science on Schema.org doesn't provide a definition at
<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://github.com/ESIPFed/science-on-schema.org/blob/main/guides/Dataset.md__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!H1BbexhqxXZIpx5vz2t7ootw5n7KdXlan0eP558o5JHO1jeOxC-55F30e-DgKlq8ypOZExLt1kFU309T371wHjzghnpJrZgotOgQCCCstg$">
https://github.com/ESIPFed/science-on-schema.org/blob/main/guides/Dataset.md [github.com]</a>, but my reading is that it expects a Dataset to be a file that contains PropertyValues.</span></div>
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Based on RO-Crate usage, I've been expecting to use schema:Dataset to describe the set of data, metadata and other files I expect to store together as the RO-Crate. I have also expected to use Dataset to delimit subsets of the RO-Crate that merit describing
as self-contained subunits worth describing separately. This would mean that a simple RO-Crate would be a Dataset and that it would have multiple Files as parts. A more complicated RO-Crate would be a Dataset that has multiple Files and Datasets as parts (with
the nested Datasets themselves having Files as parts). Based on this interpretation, most Datasets have a one-to-one relationship with a Folder.</div>
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Does this align with the expectations of other groups interested in CDIF? In short, is a schema:Dataset 1) a collection of Files representing the results of a study or 2) a File that contains PropertyValues (using e.g. CSV, NetCDF, HDF5, ...)?</div>
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Thanks,</div>
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Donald</div>
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<span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:8pt; color:rgb(82,138,45)"><b>Donald Hobern</b></span><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:8pt; color:black"><br>
Data Management Director, Australian Plant Phenomics Network<b><br>
</b>University of Adelaide - working from Canberra, ACT</span></p>
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